| Canine Parvovirus is an acute,
highly contagious disease of dogs that was first described in the early
1970's. The virus has a special affinity for attacking rapidly
reproducing cells, such as those lining the gastrointestinal tract.
The disease is transmitted by oral contact with infected feces. The
virus is shed in large amounts in the stools of acutely infected dogs for
up to several weeks following infection. Parvo can be carried on the
dog's hair and feet, as well as on contaminated crates, shoes, and other
objects. Parvo affects dogs of all ages,
but most cases occur in puppies 6 to 20 weeks of age. Following an
incubation period that averages four to five days, the acute illness
begins with depression, vomiting and diarrhea. Some dogs have no
fever, while others have high fever (up to 106°F). Pups with severe
abdominal pain exhibit a tucked-up abdomen. Diarrhea is profuse and
contains mucus and/or blood. Dehydration develops rapidly.
Suspect parvo in all pups with the abrupt onset
of vomiting and diarrhea. The most efficient way to diagnose parvo
is to identify either the virus or the virus antigens in stools. An
in-office blood serum test (ELISA) is available for rapid veterinary
diagnosis. False negatives do occur. Virus isolation
techniques are more precise, but require an outside laboratory.
TREATMENT: This disease
requires intensive veterinary management. In all but mild cases,
hospitalization is essential to correct dehydration and electrolyte
imbalances. Intravenous fluids and medications to control vomiting
and diarrhea are often required. Puppies and dogs should
not eat or drink until the vomiting has stopped. This can take three
to five days. Antibiotics are prescribed to prevent septicemia and
other bacterial complications, which are the usual cause of death.
The outcome depends upon the virulence of the specific strain of
parvovirus, the and and the immune status of the dog, and how quickly the
treatment is started.
PREVENTION: Thoroughly clean
and disinfect the quarters of infected animals. Parvo is an
extremely hardy virus that resists most household cleaners and survives on
premises for months. The most effective disinfectant is household
bleach in a 1:32 dilution. The bleach must be left on the
contaminated surface for 20 minutes before being rinsed.
From: Dog Owner's Home Veterinary
Handbook |
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